While we discuss in details about the most common methods of water treatment, let’s discuss about the basics of Water treatment first, then its objectives along with advantages/benefits.
Water Treatment Process :
Water treatment is the process of increasing the quality of water with the goal of serving an end-use. The most popular end-uses include drinking water, industrial water supply, water recreation, and replenishing natural sources such as rivers and lakes.
Humans and not only humans but every creature on Earth desires to have clean water in every day of their lives. As the human population is expanding itself, so does the need for water. Because water is a limited resource, already utilized water must be treated before it is able to continue to serve end-users. This is when water purification/treatment systems come to the rescue.
These water treatment in the water treatment plants can treat water while removing impurities of the types: Suspended particles of sizes larger then 10-3 millimetres(mm) , Colloidal particles of sizes varying in the range of 10-3 to 10-6 millimetres(mm) , and the dissolved impurities of sizes less than 10-6 millimetres(mm) .
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The following are the primary goals/objectives of the water treatment process :
- The water treatment processes intends to bring down the concentration of pollutants in water to a level that is acceptable for human consumption & poses no health hazards.
- Another primary objective of water treatment is to reduce the presence of undesirable constituents in the water supply such as color, odor, turbidity, and hardness.
- The major purpose of the water treatment procedure is to make drinking water and other household applications safe.
- Water treatment also aims to remove the corrosive character of water , which can cause damage to pipelines and other infrastructure.
- Lastly , water treatment ensures that water fulfills particular quality criteria, making it appropriate for different industrial purposes such as steam generation and drying.
Following Water treatment process involves three main phases of treatment that is Primary Phase, Secondary Phase and Tertiary Phase. These three phases are furthermore divided into sub categories accordingly to the common methods utilized in the water treatment. Let’s dive into the details of them .
Primary Treatment of Water:
The separation of solids or sediments from water is commonly referred to as sedimentation. Gravity causes the flocs, which are now heavier , to settle toward the bottom of the basin.
Process of Filtration :
The pure water is now passed through pores of varying diameters , which eliminate any additional particles present. This step separates sand , gravel, dust, & even pathogens. The filter is then back-washed regularly. In addition , reverse osmosis(RO) & ultra-filtration(UF) are utilized to purify the water.
Utilizing Activated carbons as an adsorbents , can also be employed. They have the ability to separate unwanted color , removing odor , & maintaining taste from the reclaimed water .
Secondary treatment of waste water :
This Secondary phase includes Secondary level water treatment that involves the removal of bio-degradable organic matter (BOD) and suspended particles.
Tertiary Phase of water treatment process :
Water-treatment at the tertiary phase is a mix of physical & chemical treatments, including disinfection and filtration. Furthermore, biological nutrient removal , nitrogen, & phosphorous removal, and so on are employed as part of tertiary water treatment.
Process involving Coagulation :
Coagulants are chemicals that are added to water to counteract the negative charge of dissolved particles. Alum and iron are two examples of coagulants. Unfortunately , when the coagulants are introduced, the water swiftly combines . As a result , the particles get heavy and settle to the bottom of the pool.
Process of Flocculation :
To help in the coagulation process, the water is directed into a flocculation basin. The size of the flocs is increased here to aid in settling. A flocculant may also be added to the water to help in this process. Slow paddle mixers inside the flocculation basin aid in particle collision.
Process of Disinfection :
To keep the water treatment plant running, a disinfectant or many disinfectants might be added to the water. Chlorine or chlorine dioxide, for example, can be used to destroy bacteria or viruses that may still be present in the water. UV radiation is also used by certain plants to sterilize the water.
Benefits of having water treated via water treatment process :
- Water treatment provide stake-holders & consumers with clean & safe drinking water.
- Restore the cleanliness & nutrients from the contaminated water .
- Water re-use can help to reduce pollution overall .
- Many illnesses are commonly spread by contaminated water . Utilizing the purified water can help prevent contamination furthermore .
- Instead of buying purified added mineral water , it’s more economical to treat existing water .
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