Water pollution is characterized by the contamination of water sources by harmful substances that render the water unhealthy for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other uses. Chemicals, waste, waste water, germs, and parasites are all examples of pollutants. Almost all types of pollutants ultimately end up in water. Pollution from the atmosphere settles on rivers, seas , oceans, and lakes. Pollution from the land can flow into an underground stream, then into a river, and eventually into the ocean thus polluting it . As a result, rubbish thrown on an empty land might ultimately damage a water source. Water pollution results in lowering water quality and making it poisonous and toxic to not only humans but animals out there as well and also to the environment. Lets discuss how does water get polluted.
Water pollution is a major issue that is menacing human health . Every year , unsafe water kills more people than any war. Meanwhile , our drinking water sources are finite : We have access to less than 1 per cent of the world’s fresh water out of 3 per cent of the total. Without action , the problems for achieving greater sustainability will only soar by end of 2050 , when the planet’s probable demand for fresh-water is estimated to be nearly three times higher than it is now .
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Water is particularly susceptible to contamination. It , sometimes known as a ” universal solvent ” , can dissolve any chemicals than any other liquid on the planet. Water is a universal solvent, as seen by the beautiful blue-waterfalls . It is also the reason why water is so readily contaminated. Toxic compounds from farms , cities, and factories easily dissolve and combine with it , polluting the water.
Few of the main sources of how does water get polluted can be discussed in details below :
Agricultural Farming
Lakes and reservoirs with toxic green algae. Using over 70 per cent of the world’s surface water for farming and livestock production , the agricultural industry is not only the greatest user of freshwater resources but also a significant polluter of the environment . Agriculture is the main contributor to water degradation globally. A lot of states have agricultural pollution as the primary cause of contamination in lakes , the second-largest source in wetlands, and the third-largest source in rivers and streams. It contributes significantly to the pollution of groundwater and estuaries.
The Ground-water & estuaries also significantly get contaminated by it . Fertilizers , herbicides , & animal manure from farms and livestock operations flush nutrients and pathogens , such as bacteria & viruses , into our rivers every time it rains . Algal blooms , a poisonous soup of blue-green algae that may be damaging to people & wildlife , are one of the most critical threats to water-quality of the world & are brought on by the nutrients pollution , which is brought on by too much nitrogen(N) & phosphorus(P) in the water/air .
Wastewater and sewage
Wastewater is used water. Think sewage when you think of it coming from our toilets, sinks, and showers. It also comes from commercial, industrial, and agricultural operations when you think of metals, solvents, and hazardous sludge. The phrase also refers to stormwater runoff, which happens when rain causes impermeable surfaces to release chemicals, oil, grease, and debris into our rivers.
According to the UN, more than 80per cent of wastewater produced throughout the world runs back into the environment untreated or not re-used; in some of the least developed nations, the percentage even rises to over 95 per cent causing water to pollute to a great extent.
Therefore, for these sewage, waste water problem and not re used water, Various treatment plant have been set-up such sewage treatment plant and effluent treatment plant for the sewage and effluent, waste water while the treated water obtained from the these plants are employed to the water treatment plants where these water are made to be fit for various purposes including drinking purpose ,& several other purposes in industries.
Commercial RO plants serves the purpose to its best. It has revolutionized many industries and commerces by providing this system working on the principle of Reverse Osmosis(RO) which can filters out every possible pollutants and purify the water utilizing various membranes. Commercial RO plant system has a great future for creating sustainability in this planet.
A spill of oil in seas/oceans
The bulk of oil pollution in our waters is caused by consumers, including gasoline and oil that leak from millions of automobiles and trucks each day, despite the fact that large spills may garner much of the attention. Additionally, rather than coming from tanker accidents, land-based sources including industries, farms, and towns account for roughly half of the estimated 1 million tons of oil that enter marine habitats annually.
Exposure to Radioactive materials
Any pollutant that releases radiation over and above what the environment naturally produces is considered radioactive waste. It is produced by uranium mining, nuclear power plants , the development and testing of military weapons , as well as by academic institutions and healthcare facilities that employ radioactive materials in their research and treatment plans. Disposal of radioactive waste is extremely difficult since it can linger in the environment for thousands of years.
Water can be subjected to conservation and minimizing water consumption can be achieved to a greater extent if we follow the Five R’of the Environment – Refuse , Reduce , ReUse , Repurpose, Recycle.
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